Tales of Graces F

Edit: Okay, I'm confused. How do you make R and S Gem? Marian can't polish Q Gem, so I figure it must be from Dualizing. How do you get Rank 10/Star? Is it only possible by Dualizing two identical Rank 9 Effects together? Like, Rise 9 + Rise 9 will create Rise Star on the resulting Gem?

Yes, you need to dualize two Rank 9s to get a Rank Star. If you dualize any two gems with Rank 9 of the same effect together, it should give Rank 10.
i.e.
Attack 9 Defense 9 + Attack 9 Defense 9 = Attack 10 Defense 10
Attack 9 Defense 1 + Attack 9 = Attack 10 Defense 1
Attack 9 Defense 9 + Attack 9 Defense 8 = Attack 10 Defense 9
Attack 9 Defense 1 + Attack 9 Resist 1 = Attack 10 Defense 1 or Attack 10 Resist 1
The last example, when two effects are at the same rank but different types, the result will depend somehow on the prefix/suffix of the gems, or in the case of two weapons/armor, I believe the order they appear in the list.
Best way is obviously example 2 for higher ranks, and example 1/3 for lower ranks.